The State Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The Arms is the important symbol of statehood recognized all over the world. The term
"arms" occurs from a German word "heritage" or "inheritance" and is a distinctive sign
of the state. The history testifies, that the tribes of saks who lived in territory of
modern Kazakhstan, symbolized itself the special distinction, by totem which subsequently
has received the name "tamga". For the first time the given term has started to be used in Turkic Kaganat.
In well-known "The Dictionary of Turkic adverbs " by Makhmud Kashghari this term was
interpreted as a distinctive sign on the governor.
In known annals of Central Asian scientist Rashid ad Dyne (XIII-XIV centuries) there
is data on the Turkic governor Oguzkhan who distributed the grounds from Iran up to
Altai to his sons. Thus it handed over to them khan’s tamga as a symbol of sovereign authority.
Patrimonial and breeding tamgas were used by Kazakhs, and also turki-speaking the
ethnoses living on huge open spaces of Eurasia.
Tamgas of various geometrical forms were used in the form of the arms, press, instead of
signatures. Their images often meet on rocky figures and other ancient monuments of
writing and art. Tamgas served as a sign on the property belonging to a tribe, a sort,
family, the person. They were used for branding animals. This custom, by the way,
is kept at Kazakhs in countryside till now.
As a result of administrative-territorial reforms accepted in 1867-1868 there were city
and regional arms in Kazakhstan. All areas and the cities of the country which had a part
of Russian empire had the arms of the uniform sample. Samples of the arms of areas and
of some cities of Kazakhstan (16 district and district cities) are resulted in full
assembly of laws of Russian empire. In Kazakhstan the first approved arms is the arms
of Petropavlovsk, officially accepted on the 7th of September in 1842.
Within the Soviet authority there is some unification of the arms. The general arms
Kazakh SSR represented the image of a sickle and hammer on a red background in beams
and in a frame of ears, with an inscription in the Kazakh and Russian languages
«Proletarians of all countries, be united! ». In the top part of the arms a five-pointed
star, and in bottom "КССР" and " ҚССР ".
The arms of sovereign Kazakhstan was accepted in 1992. Its authors are known architects
Zhandarbek Malibekov and Shot-Aman Valikhanov.
The State Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan has the form of a circle and represents
the image of shanyrak (the top vaulted part of yurt) on a blue background from which in
all the parties in the form of solar beams miss yuck (support). The images of mythical
winged horses are located on the right and to the left of shanyrak. In the top part there
is the volumetric five-pointed star, and in the bottom part you can see an inscription
"Қазақстан". The colors of the image of a star, shanyrak, yucks, mythical horses, and
also an inscription «Қазақстан» are gold.
The found art decision is harmonious and unique from any point of view. Shanyrak, being
the basic part of yurt, under the form reminds a heavenly dome and in consciousness of
people is one of their important elements of lifestyle. A word «shanyrak» «the wheel of the Sun»
goes back to a word «chakra», designating on a Sanskrit "wheel", and in more philosophic sense.
Therefore it is not casual, that shanyrak is also original steppe hours - a parameter of speed
of movement of the Sun, as on labels on shanyrak solar time of day was defined.
As the symbol having totem value, shanyrak has been especially esteemed at ancient ancestors.
In the State Emblem of republic the image of shanyrak is an image of our general house,
the general Native land of people living in Kazakhstan. The happiness in this area depends
on well-being of everyone as durability of shanyrak depends on reliability of yuck (supports).
The future of the state also depends on unity and its consent Citizens, from their general
efforts for the good of the general house.
The images of winged mythical horses – tulpars are the important heraldic detail in
the State Emblem and carries out a role of the carrier of the certain idea. The image
of the Horse from time immemorial personifies such concepts, as bravery and will power.
Wings symbolize dream of multinational people of Kazakhstan of construction of the
strong and prospering state. They testify to pure thoughts and aspiration to perfection,
achievement of harmony in a society with the nature and a world civilization,
to achievement of the high purposes and developments. Therefore symbolical value of wings
in the State Emblem should be perceived as expression of natural human aspiration
to the high thoughts connected with idea of statehood.
Images and subjects in the form of horns were used in cult ceremonies and as tips
of military banners earlier. Symbols of heavenly good fortune, fertility and success
in the form of horns were always placed on the top as they in representation of
nomads contacted «World Mountain». Thus, the winged horse with horns is typological
image which has deep historical roots.
In an image of the State Emblem of republic there is one more detail - a five-pointed star.
As the symbol of authority, light leading on a life, aspirations to ennobled and eternity,
a star is used by mankind for a long time. The star is not characteristic attribute only
Russian state heraldry, for the first time it was entered into revolutionary symbolic of
Russia by Russian noblemen and even in the State Emblem of Russia it has appeared not at
once. It is impossible to use this figure in turned and asymmetrical kinds. The five-pointed
star personifies true light «the Star of morning». The image of a star in an image of the
State Emblem of the country expresses treasured dream of all Kazakhstan dwellers to join
community modern high-civilized and the developed states, to be opened to all people of all Continents of a planet.
The name of the state in itself is its linguistic, ethno cultural, symbolical sign.
It has the political value and, as a rule, is defined by the constitution of the country.
The name of our country Kazakhstan as the name of the state connected with the
Kazakh ethnos, often meets in historical sources, since XV-XVI centuries the
Primary color used in image of the State Emblem, color of gold which serves as
a symbol of riches, validity and magnanimity.
At the State Emblem there is also a color of a flag celestial-blue which successfully
is in harmony with color of gold.
Authors of the State Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan are Zhandarbek Malibekovich
Malibekov and Shot-Aman Ydyrysuly Ualikhan. Zhandarbek Malibekovich Malibekov is the
deserved architect of Uzbekistan. He was born on the 24th of March in aul Ekpindi of
area Zhanakorgan in Kyzylorda. He graduated from Tashkent polytechnic institute, the
faculty of architecture. He is the main architect of projects, the head of a town-planning
workshop of the Uzbek scientific research institute of the industry.
He took part in designing air terminal in Andizhan, buildings of regional post office in
Fergana, regional administration, drama theatre and the central library in Samarkand, of
some inhabited micro districts in the cities of Angrena, Fergana and Samarkand.
Shot-Aman Ydyrysuly Ualikhan is the author of the State Emblem of the Republic of Kazakhstan,
the deserved architect of Kazakhstan, the winner of the State premium of the republic,
the known public figure. He was born on the 26th of April, in aul Syrymbet of area
Ajyrtauski of the North-Kazakhstan. He worked as the employee of the Kazakh institute
of designing of city construction, as the assistant of the main architect in Almaty,
as the chairman of the Union of architects of Kazakhstan. He is the Chairman of the
Republican society of protection of monuments of history and culture. The main works
are monuments devoted for Ch.Valikhanov and A. Zhangildin, T.Bokin in Almaty, participation
in creative group on designing stadium «Dynamo». He is the head of creative group of authors
of the Monument of Independence in Almaty.
The National Flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Flag is one of symbols of any state, personifying its identity and the sovereignty.
The national flag represents the panel of the correct geometrical form attached to
a staff (flagstaff). From ancient times the flag carried out functions of association
of people of the country and its identification with the certain state formation.
The oldest flag concerns approximately to 3000 century B.C., it has been found in
territory of Iran. It is a metal design in the size 23×23 centimeter with the image
of the eagle, two lions, the goddesses, three women and the bull.
If to consider symbolic of the states having uniform historical, and consequently,
the symbolical past it is necessary to note, that the image of totem animals: griffins,
golden eagles, leopards or tigers or the true satellite of the Turkic-nomad horse,
meets on the majority of them. The given fact is acknowledgement of a cultural and
spiritual generality of Turkic people.
There is a certificate that the Sakic-Sarmatian tribes who lived in Kazakhstan in III - VIII
centuries B.C., had the banners. Nomads-guns had flags of truce, Turki, the ancestors of
modern Turkic people, including Kazakhs had flags of blue, green, yellow and other colors.
The state associations of kimak and kipchak kept the continuity in symbolic. Banner of
Chingizkhan represented a triangular white panel on which has been represented hunting
gerfalcon - totem sorts of the great commander. The choice of color of a flag was
defined by the history. Kazakhstan during almost 600 years was under authority of
generation of Chingizkhan. Subsequently banners of the Kazakh khans and sultans were
white. For example, till now flag of truce Ablaikhan (XVIII century) is kept in national
memory. Color of a banner of the governor of Central Asia Timur, as banners of Turki, were celestial-blue.
After connection of Kazakhstan to Russia the new governments-management systems began
to be spread which has rendered essential influence and on development of the state symbolic.
The Kazakh Independent Soviet Republic used the state symbols of RSFSR. Constitutions
of the Republic of Kazakhstan which were accepted in 1936 and in 1978, established
regulations about a flag, the arms and a hymn of Kazakh SSR. The flag represented
a panel from three horizontal strips: top and bottom red color and average - Azure.
A sickle and hammer were represented at the top part of it and above them there was a red five-pointed star.
In 1992 the National flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which was developed by
Shaken Niyazbekov has been approved.
The National flag of the Republic of Kazakhstan represents a rectangular panel of
blue color with the image in the center of the sun with beams, and there is a
soaring eagle under it. There is a vertical strip with a national ornament at
a staff. The image of the sun, its beams, an eagle and a national ornament –
all of them are of gold color. A parity of width of a flag to its length is 1: 2.
In traditions of heraldry each color symbolizes the certain concept. So, gold
personifies power, force, riches, a constancy, eminence, belief, validity, virtue,
mercy, fidelity. Blue color symbolizes honesty, chastity, fidelity, faultlessness.
Besides this color corresponds to the sky and air.
Blue color has deep symbolical value in Turkic culture, too. It is enough to say
that concepts blue and the sky are designated in the same word in languages of
all members of ethnic group having Turkic language. Possibly, it is explained
by the fact that ancient turki were worshippers of the sky, who considered the
sky as the father, and their blue banner symbolized fidelity to the father-
primogenitor. The belief in Tengri has been widespread to territories of
Kazakhstan since the most ancient times - the Sky, bearing in itself idea
of monotheism long before occurrence of great world religions such as the
Buddhism, Christianity and an Islam. This belief has passed in centuries,
and in the beginning of 20th century Kazakhs above tombs sacred erected a
dome and painted it in blue color, that simulating model of the world: on
four columns, personifying four party of light, the dome-spherical a symbol of the sky leans.
In view of cultural traditions, according to belief of all turki-speaking people
blue color is perceived as heavenly, sacred, promised, treasured, and primordially
pure. If to address to elements of the image on a panel of a flag, that, proceeding
from heraldic canons, it is possible to say, that the sun symbolizes riches and
abundance, and an eagle symbolizes authority, insight, magnanimity. Besides in
traditions of different people there was a reverence of the sun as symbol of revival
(a birth of day after night), a symbol of movement and time.
Representing the sun in the state attributes, Kazakhstan once again confirms the
adherence to universal values and the world community that also testifies that the
new young state of full vital energy is opened to all countries of the world for cooperation.
Another detail of the National flag which does not demand a special explanation is
the image of an eagle. It is one of the first heraldic attributes long since applied
in the arms and flags of many people. This image is usually perceived as a symbol
of authority, insight and magnanimity. In the state symbols it is important not
only an image of each detail, but also their execution, accommodation. In this
plan the image of an eagle on our flag essentially differs from the predecessors.
Earlier its injurious features and aggressive poses as display of force and power
were emphasized. On a flag this image has found essentially new art decision, and
it is not less expressive, than in the approved approaches. First, quiet, peace
character of figure rushes to eyes. Its force, endurance, insight and fearlessness
before any tests are important. Secondly, it is located under the sun, as though
on the wings bears Prometey`s fire, fire of Happiness. In the third, it flies to
the treasured purpose. It also is aspiration of our people fortunately and to
prosperity, to heights of a human civilization.
The special place borrows an image of an eagle in outlook of Kazakhs which associates
with such concepts as freedom, rebelliousness, feeling of advantage, courage,
high ideals, and breadth of soul and cleanliness of thoughts. There isn’t any
bird in the world equal to an eagle for nomads and its descendants.
The important element of the National flag is the vertical strip located at its
staff with a national ornament. The Kazakh ornament is one of forms of specific
art perception of the world in strict conformity with aesthetic tastes of people.
Representing harmony rather complex, sometimes the abstract forms, lines and rhythms,
it is expressive means of disclosing of a private world of people. Concrete
subjects and the phenomena of world serve as their prototypes.
In opinion of scientists enrichment of ornamental motives and their dynamical
development are inherent in a high step of development of culture.
The author of the National flag of Republic Kazakhstan is the honored worker
of the arts, one of founders of design art of Kazakhstan Shaken Onlassynovich Niyazbekov.
He was born on the 12th of November, in Taraz. Graduated from the Leningrad
Art-Industrial School named after I.Mukhina. He is the main artist of Almaty.
His main works are: Complex designs of a cinema named after Sh.Ualikhanov in
Taraz, a monument «In Volokolamsk a direction. General-major I.Panfilov and
battalion commander B.Momyshuly», picturesque cloths «Kurmangazy», «Kobik shashkan»,
«Kisen ashkan», «Shokan Ualikhanov», «Mukhtar Auezov», «Syrym Datov», «Zhambyl»,
«Happiness of mother», etc. He is the author of the arms of Almaty.
The National Hymn of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The National Hymn of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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The golden sun shines in the sky,
The golden seed lays in the steppe,
The legend tells about brave men,-
Look at my homeland!
Our glory has come
From hoary antiquity;
My Kazakh people
Are proud and strong.
Chorus:
Oh, my homeland! Oh, my homeland!
I am a flower grown by you,
I am a song coming from your lips.
My Kazakhstan, that’s where I was born!
Here are my vast expanses
And the way into the future.
Here is my independent,
Solidary, and united nation.
Our happy nation, our people
Welcome the new time
As an eternal friend.
Chorus:
Oh, my homeland! Oh, my homeland!
I am a flower grown by you,
I am a song coming from your lips.
My Kazakhstan, that’s where I was born!
The National Hymn of the Republic of Kazakhstan
The Description of the Hymn
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The Hymn is the sound symbolic, which has importance in sociopolitical consolidation
and ethno cultural identification of citizens of the country. The term "hymn" occurs
from the Greek word "gimneo", that means "the solemn song".
However there are pieces of music in history of any people, which became national
hymns during the certain period of history. There is one that belongs to the Kazakh
people. It is "Elim-ai", written by known batyr, the poet-composer of XVIII century
Kozhabergen zhyrau Tolybaiuly, which was devoted to the heavy tests, fallen to Kazakh
people in days of zhongar invasion.
The uniform hymn at Kazakhs did not exist when Kazakhstan depended on Russian empire.
There were separate songs of akyns (poets) and zhyrau, who inspired Kazakhs on feats
of arms and national-liberation revolts.
After winning independence there was a necessity of development of a new hymn which
would personify freedom and the sovereignty ─ centuries-old dream of many generations of Kazakhs.
In 1992 competition on music and the text of a hymn of republic has been declared.
It was accepted in total selection commission more than 750 projects. Four known
poets have won competition: Muzaphar Alimbaev, Kadyr Myrzaliev, Tumanbai Moldagaliev
and poetess Zhadyra Daribaeva. Authors of music of the first Kazakhstan hymn were
Mukan Tolebaev, Eugene Brusilovski and Latif Khamidi.
The new National anthem was accepted in 2006.
A basis of a new hymn became a popular patriotic song "Menin Kazakhstanym"
("My Kazakhstan") happy destiny which has begun in the second half of fiftieth
of the last century. The song which has become a hymn of the nation, for a long
time has been recognized as the present poem of national soul.
The parliament of Kazakhstan at joint session of chambers on January, 6th, 2006
has approved the amendment to the Decree "About the State symbols". A new hymn of
the country became the well-known song "Menin Kazakhstanym" ("My Kazakhstan").
Melody by Shamshi (Zhamshid) Kaldayakuly and words by Zhumeken Nazhimedinov for
tens years enjoyed huge popularity. Its words were connected now to realities
of time by the co-author of a hymn of Kazakhstan ─ the President of the country.
Deputies of both chambers of Parliament have unanimously supported this idea.
In the further the new hymn has been approved by the constitutional law of the
Republic of Kazakhstan " About modification and additions in the Decree of the
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, valid the Constitutional law ",
"About the State Symbols of the Republic of Kazakhstan ", signed by the Head
of the state on January, 7th, 2006 №112 - III LRК. The 10th of January, 2006
is the day of official publication – it was entered in history as birthday of
a new hymn of the country.
The first official execution of musical-poetic symbol for the first time took
place on January, 11th, 2005 in the Presidential palace " Ak Orda " in Astana
during official inauguration of the President of the country N.A.Nazarbayev.
Authors of the National anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan are Shamshi Kaldayakov,
Zhumeken Nazhimedenov, Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Shamshi Kaldayakovich Kaldayakov ─ the composer, the national actor of the Republic
of Kazakhstan, the winner of the premium of the Union of youth. He was born in village
Shauildir in the Otrar district of the South-Kazakhstan region. He graduated from
Kalpanbek zoo-veterinarian technical school, musical school named after Khamza
Niyazi Khakimzada in Tashkent, and the department of composition of Almaty State
conservatoire named after Kurmangazi.
His creative activity began as a composer, known as "The King of the Kazakh waltz",
he has written more than 300 songs. There are known pieces of music among them,
such as "Bakyt kushagynda" ("My happiness"), "Barinen de sen sulu" ("The most beautiful"),
"Kayikta" ("On the boat"), "Ana turaly an" ("A song about a mother"), "Ak erke — ak Zhaiyk"
("White Zhaiyk"), "Anim sen eding" ("You are the music of my soul"),
"Ak bantik" ("White bow"), "Keshikpei kelem dep eng" ("Expectation"),
"Kaidasin" ("I`m looking for you"), "Tsighan serenadasi" ("Gypsy serenade").
Composer`s works are published in several antholologies named: "Ander" ("Songs"),
" Bakyt kushagynda" ("My happiness"), "Shamshinin anderi" ("Shamshi Kaldayakov`s songs"),
"Shamshi" ("Shamshi Kaldayakov").
Zhumeken Sabirovich Nazhimedinov — the known poet, a Kazakhstan Youth Union prize winner.
He was born in Koshalak village in the Kurmangazy district of the Atirau region.
He graduated from the conservatoire named after Kurmangazi in Almaty on a class
of national musical tools, attended the advanced literature courses of the Literature
College named after M.Gorky. He worked in publishing house "Zhazushi",
in the newspaper "Leninshil zhas" editorial staff, in the Kazakhstan
Writer`s Union as well as in the National Committee for publishing
matters and in the publishing house "Mektep ".
His works are: "Balausa" ("Shoot"),"Sibizghi siri" ("The melody of flute"),
"Oz kozimmen" ("With my own eyes"), "Zhok, umitugha bolmaidi"
("No, it couldn`t be forgetten"), "Zharyk pen zhylu" ("Light and warmth") and etc.
Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev — Doctor of Economic Sciences, the Academician
of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since December,
1991 he is the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
He is the author of many scientific and literary works: "Kazakhstan`s Economy:
reality and formation trends", "Adilettin ak zholy" ("Nursultan Nazarbayev:
without rightsists and leftists"), " Gasyrlar togysynda" ("On the Eve of the XXI century"),
"Tarikh tolkininda" ("I the flow of history"), "Syndarly on zhyl" ("A critical decade"),
"In the heart of Eurasia" and many other books. The author of words of popular
patriotic songs "Elim mening" ("My people"), "Ush kongir" ("Three brown hills"),
"Zherim mening" ("My land"). His works are translated into many foreign languages.
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